Richard III Act 2, Scene 3: Retold in Modern English Verse
Three citizens read the signs
Two citizens meet in the street with the news that King Edward is dead, and a third joins them. One hopes for the best under the young Prince; the Third Citizen fears a land governed by a child, with the Duke of Gloucester on one side and the Queen’s proud kin on the other. When clouds are seen, he says, wise men put on their cloaks. They are all sent for to the justices, and go.
Characters appearing: First Citizen | Second Citizen | Third Citizen
Key themes: Power and Ambition | Prophecy and Curses | Fate vs Free Will
LONDON. A STREET.
[ENTER ONE CITIZEN AT ONE DOOR AND ANOTHER AT THE OTHER.]
FIRST CITIZEN
Good morrow, neighbour, whither away so fast?
Good morning, neighbour, where are you absconding?
SECOND CITIZEN
I promise you, I scarcely know myself.
I promise you, I barely know myself.
Hear you the news abroad?
Have you heard of the news upon the street?
FIRST CITIZEN
Yes, that the King is dead.
Yes, that the King is dead.
SECOND CITIZEN
Ill news, by’r lady – seldom comes the better.
By Virgin Mary, that’s bad news – we’ll suffer.
I fear, I fear ’twill prove a giddy world.
I’m worried that our world will be unstable.
[ENTER ANOTHER CITIZEN.]
THIRD CITIZEN
Neighbours, God speed!
Good day to you, neighbours!
FIRST CITIZEN
Give you good morrow, sir.
Good morning, sir.
THIRD CITIZEN
Doth the news hold of good King Edward’s death?
Is the news true that King Edward is dead?
SECOND CITIZEN
Ay, sir, it is too true, God help the while!
Yes, sir, it is quite true, God help us all!
THIRD CITIZEN
Then, masters, look to see a troublous world.
Then, friends, prepare yourselves for troubling times.
FIRST CITIZEN
No, no, by God’s good grace his son shall reign.
No, by God’s will, his son shall rule as King.
THIRD CITIZEN
Woe to that land that’s governed by a child!
It’s awful when a child rules the country!
SECOND CITIZEN
In him there is a hope of government,
At least with him we might get some direction,
Which in his nonage, council under him,
For in his infancy, he’ll have old leaders,
And in his full and ripened years, himself,
So, when he has matured to lead himself,
No doubt shall then, and till then, govern well.
Then no doubt he will lead our country well.
FIRST CITIZEN
So stood the state when Henry the Sixth
That’s how it was with young Henry the Sixth,
Was crowned in Paris but at nine months old.
For he was crowned in Paris at nine months old.
THIRD CITIZEN
Stood the state so? No, no, good friends, God wot,
Was that the same as now? God knows it’s not,
For then this land was famously enriched
For then this country was richly imbued
With politic grave counsel; then the King
With serious political advisers
Had virtuous uncles to protect his Grace.
And caring uncles to protect the King.
FIRST CITIZEN
Why, so hath this, both by his father and mother.
This Prince has too, from both sides of his family.
THIRD CITIZEN
Better it were they all came by his father,
It would be good if all came from his father,
Or by his father there were none at all;
Or none at all came from his father’s side;
For emulation who shall now be nearest
For power struggles over who is closest
Will touch us all too near, if God prevent not.
Will touch us all, if God does not prevent it.
O, full of danger is the Duke of Gloucester,
For Richard, Duke of Gloucester, is a danger,
And the Queen’s sons and brothers haught and proud!
And the Queen’s sons and brothers all are snooty!
And were they to be ruled, and not to rule,
If all of them were ruled, and weren’t the rulers,
This sickly land might solace as before.
Our ailing land might prosper as before.
FIRST CITIZEN
Come, come, we fear the worst; all will be well.
Come on, we fear the worst, but we’ll be fine.
THIRD CITIZEN
When clouds are seen, wise men put on their cloaks;
Wise men put on their raincoats when it’s cloudy;
When great leaves fall, then winter is at hand;
When leaves fall from the trees, it’s nearly winter;
When the sun sets, who doth not look for night?
At dusk, who doesn’t know the night is coming?
Untimely storms makes men expect a dearth.
With early storms, we fear a ravaged harvest.
All may be well; but if God sort it so,
All may be fine, but if God sorts it out,
’Tis more than we deserve or I expect.
It’s more than we deserve or should expect.
SECOND CITIZEN
Truly, the hearts of men are full of fear.
I tell you, every man is terrified.
You cannot reason (almost) with a man
There’s almost nobody round here to talk to
That looks not heavily and full of dread.
Who doesn’t seem depressed and terrified.
THIRD CITIZEN
Before the days of change, still is it so.
It’s always like that when there’s change afoot.
By a divine instinct men’s minds mistrust
Instinctively we all start getting nervous
Ensuing danger; as by proof we see
When danger’s near, such as when we observe
The water swell before a boist’rous storm.
The sea waves rise before a raging storm.
But leave it all to God. Whither away?
But leave it in the hands of God. You leaving?
SECOND CITIZEN
Marry, we were sent for to the justices.
We are, for we’ve been summoned to the court.
THIRD CITIZEN
And so was I. I’ll bear you company.
And so have I. I’ll keep you company.
[EXEUNT.]